Analyses of the response of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa against monotherapy and combined therapy using quantum dots and proteomics.

Carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA) has become a serious public health problem and the biofilm formation aggravates this problem. The study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of ß-lactamases and quorum sensing (QS) genes in CRPA isolates, analyze production of biofilm, evaluate the response against meropenem (MPM) and∕or polymyxin B (POL B) and its association with azythromicin (AZT) using quantum dots (QDs) and proteomic analysis. Six CRPA isolates were analyzed. ß-lactamases and QS genes were search using specific PCRs and were tested for biofilm production by quantitative technique. A CRPA isolate, containing blaKPC gene and biofilm-producing, was selected to assess its response to therapy using QDs and the MALDI-TOF. The ß-lactamase detected was blaKPC in 66.7% of the isolates. All isolates were biofilm producers and carriers of the QS genes. QDs-MPM conjugates triggered the formation of biofilm and the association with AZT inhibited this effect. Proteomics analysis showed that treatments with MPM or POL B suppressed the expression of the transglycosylase protein, while combined therapy with AZT induced expression of the RpoN protein. Thus, this study shows that the use of fluorescence combined with the proteomics analysis was promising to understand how a CRPA strain reacts to antimicrobial treatment.

Investigation of the association of virulence genes and biofilm production with infection and bacterial colonization processes in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter spp.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic and molecular patterns of biofilm formation in infection and colonization isolates of Acinetobacter spp. from patients who were admitted in a public hospital of Recife-PE-Brazil in 2018-2019. For the biofilm phenotypic analysis, Acinetobacter spp. isolates were evaluated by the crystal violet staining method; the search of virulence genes (bap, ompA, epsA, csuE and bfmS) was performed by PCR; and the ERIC-PCR was performed for molecular typing. Amongst the 38 Acinetobacter spp. isolates, 20 were isolated from infections and 18 from colonization. The resistance profile pointed that 86.85% (33/38) of the isolates were multidrug-resistant, being three infection isolates, and two colonization isolates resistant to polymyxin B. All the isolates were able to produce biofilm and they had at least one of the investigated virulence genes on their molecular profile, but the bap gene was found in 100% of them. No clones were detected by ERIC-PCR. There was no correlation between biofilm formation and the resistance profile of the bacteria, neither to the molecular profile of the virulence genes. Thus, the ability of Acinetobacter spp. to form biofilm is probably related to the high frequency of virulence genes.

Estudo comparativo de áreas endêmicas de filariose bancroftiana na regiäo metropolitana de Recife, Brasil / Comparative studies on endemic areas of bancroftian filariasis in greater Recife, Brazil

Estudo comparativo da filariose bancroftiana na área metropolitana do Recife. Foram selecionados dois bairros da cidade do Recife (Santo Amaro e Campo Grande) e dois bairros da cidade de Olinda (Sapucaia e Salgadinho), segundo critério apoiado na semelhança das características socio-econômicos de filariose. As áreas foram divididas em congloramerados, com 25 casas em média. A amostra populacional foi estratificada por sexo e faixa etária de 0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49 50-59 e igual ou superior a 60 anos. Os dados parasitológicos foram obtidos por meio da gota espessa mensurada (60 microlitros de sangue), coletada, entre as 20 e 24 horas, processada e corada pelo método de Carrazi. Os dados obtidos foram descritos em tabelas, e a densidade parasitária e freqüência microfilarêmica analisadas através de gráficos com expressäo logarítima. De maneira global, Recife apresentou prevalência 13,5 por cento e Olinda, 12,3 por cento. Quando comparamos a densidade parasitária, Olinda apresentou valor médio de 70 microfilárias por 60 microlitros de sangue, e Recife 41. Em relaçäo aos índices microfilarêmicos, o maior ocorreu na faixa etária de 20-29 anos. Em Olinda, situou-se em 30-39 anos e em indivíduos do sexo masculino. Conclui que a endemia apresenta níveis endêmicos do passado, e os dados descritos alertam para uma reavaliaçäo das campanhas de controle realizadas pela Fundaçäo Nacional de Saúde (FUNASA), já que a endemia atinge dimensoes ainda näo mensuradas.